- Because of failure of RPE cells edema occurs in the eye.
- Macular edema comprises:-
- Cystoid Macular Edema (CME)
- Neovascularisation
- Diabetic Edema
CME
It is called CME because, it occurs in the macula and forms cyst like spaces in the retinal tissue.
Etiology
- Vasculature and Inflammatory diseases
- Extracellular accumulation of fluid.
Symptoms
- Visual impairment
- Metamorphopsia
- Flickering
- Macropsia/Micropsia

Diagnosis
- Slit lamp examination
- FFA - Fluorescein angiography images show your Eye M.D. if any blood vessels are leaking and how much leakage there is.
- OCT - Because macular edema occurs inside the layers of retina tissue, you may have a test called fluorescein angiography, or another called optical coherence tomography (OCT) to help make an accurate diagnosis.
- It measures the thickness of the retina and is also very sensitive at detecting swelling and fluid.


Treatment
- Preventive
- Medical
- Surgical
Preventive Treatment
- Keep underlying Systemic diseases well Controlled-
- DM
- HIV/CMV
- BP/Lipid control
Medical Treatment
- Topical Therapy – NSAIDS, Steroids
- Systemic Therapy-NSAIDS, Steroids, Diuretics
- Unique Posterior Segment Drug Delivery
- Trans-scleral
- Intravitreal – ( Kenalog, Macugen,Lucentis, Avastin)
- Injection
- Implant (Biodegradable / Nonbiodegradable)

Surgical Treatment
- Nd:YAG vitreolysis
- Pars Plana Vitrectomy/Membrane Peel
- Focal/Grid Photocoagulation
- Photo-Dynamic Therapy (PDT)

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